to infinitive

to infinitive

Posted on March 14, 2009 by mohambest

I. TO INFINITIVE To infinitive adalah kata kerja dasar yang digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat dengan kata2 : want, like, would like, have, going, ought, what, time, easy, happy, difficult, glad, dan lainnya. Pembentukan kalimat dengan memakai kata Di atas secara garis besar dapat dirumuskan sbb :

” S + want, like, would like, have, ought + to …………………..

” It + is + time, easy, difficult + to ………………….

” Induk kalimat + what + to ………………….

” S + be + going, happy, glad + to …………………..

Contoh pemakaian :

I. 1. Dengan kata want = ingin……………………………………………..

a. I want to write a letter = ………………………………………………………………………. b. She wants to join the English Speech Contest = ……………………………………………………………………….

I.2. Dengan kata like = suka……………………………………………….

a. We like to dance “Serimpi” = ……………………………………………………………………….

b. He likes to paint a scenery = ……………………………………………………………………….

I.3. Dengan kata would like = ingin ……………………………………….

a. They would like to send a letter = ………………………………………………………………………..

I.4. Dengan kata have = harus ……………………………………………..

a. You have to help your parents = ………………………………………………………………………..

b. She has to wash her own clothes = ……………………………………………………………………….

I.5 Dengan kata going = akan …………………………………………….

a. I am going to watch a basketball game = ………………………………………………………………………..

b. He is going to attend the meeting = ………………………………………………………………………..

c. We are going to have a picnic = ……………………………………………………………………….

I 6. Dengan kata ought = seharusnya……………………………………

a. You ought to go to the doctor = ………………………………………………………………………

b. She ought to stay at home = ………………………………………………………………………

I.7. Dengan kata what = apa yang harus ……………………………….

a. I forget what to buy in the market = …………………………………………………………………….

b. He remembers what to do at home = ……………………………………………………………………..

I.8. Dengan kata easy = mudah untuk …………………………………

a. It is easy to write a letter = ……………………………………………………………………..

b.It is easy to make a kite = ..………………………………………………………………………

I.9. Dengan kata difficult = susah / sulit ..……………………………….

a. It is difficult to study Mathematics = ………………………………………………………………………

b. It is difficult to climb the palm tree = ……………………………………………………………………..

I.10. Dengan kata time = saatnya / waktunya …………………………..

a. It is time to study English = ……………………………………………………………………..

b. It is time to have dinner = …………………………………………………………………….. I.11. Dengan kata happy = bahagia / senang ……………………………

a. Clara is happy to dance ‘ Gambyong ” = ………………………………………………………………………

b.We are happy to have a new house = ………………………………………………………………………

I.12. Dengan kata glad = gembira ………………………………………..

a. I am glad to meet you again = ………………………………………………………………………

b.She is glad to be at home with me = ………………………………………………………………………

I.13. Dengan kata nothing = tidak ada…… untuk ……………………..

a. There is nothing to eat here = ……………………………………………………………………..

II. INFINITIVE Tanpa TO ( Bare Infinitive ) Kata kerja dasar tanpa to dapat digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat dengan kata bantu ( Auxiliary Verbs ) : do, does, did, can, may, must, -should, shall, will, would rather, had better, might, would, dare, need, dsb.

II.1. Dengan kata2 do / does / did = apakah ……………………………..

a. Do you get up early everyday ? = …………………………………………………………………….

b. Does he like smoking ? = …………………………………………………………………….

c. Did they go to the sea last Sunday ? = …………………………………………………………………….

II.2. Dengan kata can = dapat / bisa………………………………………

a. I can speak English well = …………………………………………………………………… b. She can sing Western songs = ……………………………………………………………………

c. We can do the test easily = …………………………………………………………………… II.3. Dengan kata may / might = boleh ………………………………….

a. You may take a rest now = …………………………………………………………………… b. He may go to school by motorcycle = ……………………………………………………………………

c. They may spend the night in the hotel = …………………………………………………………………..

d. She might go with you = …………………………………………………………………..

e. We might not watch TV at night

II.4. Dengan kata must = harus ………………………………………….

a. We must obey the school laws = …………………………………………………………………..

b. She must help her mother cook in the kitchen = ………………………………………………………………….

c. The farmers must work hard in the ricefield = …………………………………………………………………..

II.5. Dengan kata should = sebaiknya ………………………………….

a. He should drink the medicines three times a day = …………………………………………………………………..

b. You should meet the headmaster in the office = …………………………………………………………………..

II.6. Dengan kata – kata shall / will / would = akan ……………………

a. I shall take a nap for an hour = ………………………………………………………………………

b. He will attend the party at 02.00 p.m = ………………………………………………………………………

c. We shall be in the tourist object at about 09.00 a.m = ……………………………………………………………………..

d. They will have listening activity in the English laboratory = ……………………………………………………………………..

e. We would help you = ……………………………………………………………………..

f. I would say ” Good bye ” to them = ………………………………………………………………………

g. She would serve us kindly = ………………………………………………………………………

Kata would juga digunakan dalam kalimat permintaan ( Request ) – artinya sudikah ………………………………………………………….?

a. Would you turn on the fan, please ? = ………………………………………………………………………

b. Would you please lend me some money ? = ……………………………………………………………………… Kalimat permintaan juga dapat menggunakan kata- kata : can / could = bisakah, may = bolehkah, atau will = maukah ………………… ?.

a. Can I have a glass of coffee, please ? = ……………………………………………………………………..

b. May she borrow your dictionary ? = …………………………………………………………………….

c. Will you please study together with me ? = …………………………………………………………………….

II.7. Dengan kata would rather = lebih suka …………………………..

a. I would rather study English = ………………………………………………………………………

b. She would rather sing Pop songs = ……………………………………………………………………

c. They would rather play volley ball = ……………………………………………………………………

II.8. Dengan kata had better = lebih baik ………………………………..

a.You had better do this work = ……………………………………………………………………

b.He had better drink tea = …………………………………………………………………… c.We had better wait for a while = ……………………………………………………………………

II.9. Dengan kata dare = berani ………………………………………..

a. He dare go alone at night = ………………………………………………………………….. b.I dare not meet the doctor = …………………………………………………………………. c.Dare you eat these hot meatball ? = …………………………………………………………………. Kata dare juga dapat digunakan untuk menunjukkan ketidak sukaan – ( marah ) artinya beraninya ……………………………………………… ?

a.How dare you touch my bag ? = …………………………………………………………………….. b.How dare she speak aloud to you ? = …………………………………………………………………… c.How dare they enter that empty house ? = …………………………………………………………………… II.10. Dengan kata need = perlu ………………………………………. a. He need come here = …………………………………………………………………… b. You need not wear new shoes to go for a picnic = …………………………………………………………………… c. Need we spend our money in the Super Market ? = …………………………………………………………………… II.11.Dengan kata let us ( let’s ) = mari / marilah kita ……………….. a. Let’s begin our lesson = …………………………………………………………………… b. Let’s go home now = …………………………………………………………………… III. TO BE To be adalah kata kerja bentuk infinitive dengan to. Bentuk ini juga dapat digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat dengan kata 2 : want, like , dsb. *Untuk membentuk kalimat Present Tense,be berubah menjadi :am, is, are *Untuk membentuk kalimat Past Tense, am, is, berubah menjadi was, dan are berubah menjadi were *Dan was, were akan berubah menjadi been apabila kita ingin membentuk kalimat Perfect Tense III.1. To be a. I want to be a pilot = ……………………………………………………………………. b. He likes to be a doctor = ……………………………………………………………………. c. They have to be here now = ……………………………………………………………………. d. Shinta has to be at school on time = ……………………………………………………………………. e. Rudy wants to be honest to her = …………………………………………………………………… III.2. Am,is, are, pada kalimat Present Tense III.2.1.Dengan menggunakan kata sifat ( Adjective ) a. I am sick = ………………………………………… b. Joni is clever = ………………………………………… c. You are diligent = ………………………………………… d. He and I are busy now = ………………………………………… e. Tina is absent today = ………………………………………… III.2.2. Dengan menggunakan kata keterangan ( Adverb ) a. We are here now = ………………………………………… b. She is on time = ………………………………………… c. It is far from here = ………………………………………… d. They are still in bed = ………………………………………… e. Joni is in abroad = ………………………………………… III.2.3. Dengan menggunakan kata benda ( Nouns ) a. He is a fisherman = ………………………………………… b.That is not an umbrella = ………………………………………… c. Rosy and I are singers = ………………………………………… d. That thing is a knife = ………………………………………… e. There are not rats here = ………………………………………… III.2.4. Dengan kata kerja Past Participle untuk membentuk kalimat pasif a. I am not invited by Susy = …………………………………………………………………….. b. She is called by her boy friend = …………………………………………………………………….. c. We are allowed to go to the mountain = …………………………………………………………………….. d. Are you given a present by your teacher ? =……………………………………………………………………… e. Is he helped by his father ? III.3.Penggunaan To be dalam kalimat Past Tense : a. I was late yesterday = …………………………………………………………………….. b. He was at home last Sunday = …………………………………………………………………….. c. You were busy this morning = …………………………………………………………………….. d. They were very happy a week ago = …………………………………………………………………….. e. She was not afraid to go alone last night = ……………………………………………………………………. III.4. Penggunaan To be pada kalimat Perfect Tense : a. I have been here for an hour = ……………………………………………………………………. b. She has been ill since last week = ……………………………………………………………………. c. We have been studying English for three years = ………………………………………………………………………….. d. Mr. John has been visiting Indonesia since a year ago = …………………………………………………………………… e. They have not been at home since yesterday morning = …………………………………………………………………… IV. GERUND Gerund adalah kata kerja bentuk – ing ( Present Participle ) yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda ( Nouns ) IV.1. Gerund berfungsi sebagai subyek ( Subject ) : a. Singing is my hobby = …………………………………………………………………. b. Studying English is not difficult = …………………………………………………………………. c. Climbing mountains is very exciting = …………………………………………………………………. d. Jogging in the morning is healthful = …………………………………………………………………. e. Dancing ” Pendhet ” is not easy = ………………………………………………………………….. IV.2. Gerund berfungsi sebagai obyek ( Object ) : a. I like singing = ……………………………………. b. She loves dancing = ……………………………………. c. We stop talking = ……………………………………. d. His hobby is painting = ……………………………………. e. He does not like reading = ……………………………………. IV.3. Gerund dipakai untuk kalimat larangan ( Prohibition ) : a. No smoking ! = ……………………………………. b. No swimming ! = ……………………………………. c. No fishing ! = ……………………………………. d. No trespassing ! = ……………………………………. e. No parking ! = ……………………………………. IV.4. Gerund digunakan setelah preposisi / kata depan ( Preposition ) : after, before, without, for, by, in, dsb. a. After studying, I go to bed = ………………………………………………………………….. b. Wash your hands before having meals = …………………………………………………………………. c. He answers without thinking = …………………………………………………………………. d. She needs money for buying clothes = …………………………………………………………………. e. We pass the exams by studying hard = …………………………………………………………………. f. Be careful in crossing the busy road = …………………………………………………………………. IV.5. Gerund digunakan sesudah kata no use / useless = tak ada gunanya: a. It is no use fighting with your friend = ………………………………………………………………………… b. It is useless arguing with him = ……………………………………………………………………….. c. It is no use helping a lazy boy = ………………………………………………………………………. d. It is useless complaining like that = ………………………………………………………………………. e. It is no use cooking too much rice = ………………………………………………………………………. IV.6. Gerund digunakan sesudah kata need = perlu : a. My car needs washing = ………………………………………………………………………. b. Her shoes need polishing = ………………………………………………………………………. c. This floor needs sweeping = ………………………………………………………………………. d. Your bicycle needs repairing = ………………………………………………………………………. e. These plants need watering = ………………………………………………………………………. IV.7. Gerund digunakan sesudah kata mind = keberatan : a. She minds waiting for you = ………………………………………………………………………. b. I don’t mind walking with him = ………………………………………………………………………. c. Do you mind turning on the fan ? = ………………………………………………………………………. d. He doesn’t mind moving the back = ………………………………………………………………………. e. Would you mind sitting beside me, please ? IMPERATIVE Imperative adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat perintah ( Command ) dan atau larangan ( Prohition ). I. Membentuk kalimat perintah ( Command )dengan infinitive : 1. Stand up over there = …………………………………………. 2. Sit down here = ………………………………………….. 3. Open the door = …………………………………………. 4. Close the window = …………………………………………. 5. Repeat once again = …………………………………………. II.Untuk membentuk kalimat larangan ( Prohibition ) kita tambahkan kata ” Don’t ” = Jangan. 1.Don’t turn on the fan ! = …………………………………………. 2.Don’t sit down ! = …………………………………………. 3.Don’t sleep on the floor ! = …………………………………………. 4.Don’t talk to your friend ! = …………………………………………. 5.Don’t eat in class ! = …………………………………………. III.Membentuk kalimat perintah / larangan dengan kata sifat Adjective) : Rumus : Be + Adjective 1. Be honest ! = …………………………………………. 2. Be patient ! = …………………………………………. 3. Be careful! = …………………………………………. 4. Be diligent ! = …………………………………………. 5. Be quiet ! = …………………………………………. 6. Don’t be lazy ! = …………………………………………. 7. Don’t be careless ! = …………………………………………. 8. Don’t be angry ! = …………………………………………. 9. Don’t begreedy ! = …………………………………………. 10.Don’t be noisy ! = …………………………………………. IV. Membentuk kalimat perintah / larangan dengan kata benda ( Nouns ) : Rumus : Be + Occupation ( Pekerjaan ) 1. Be a teacher ! = …………………………………………. 2. Be a doctor ! = …………………………………………. 3. Be a nurse ! = …………………………………………. 4. Be a soldier ! = …………………………………………. 5. Be a pilot ! = …………………………………………. 6. Don’t be a police ! = …………………………………………. 7. Don’t be a robber ! = …………………………………………. 8. Don’t be a thief ! = …………………………………………. 9. Don’t be a liar ! = …………………………………………. 10. Don’t be a killer ! = …………………………………………. V. Untuk membentuk kalimat perintah / larangan yang halus / sopan,- kita tambahkan kata : “Please” yang artinya : silahkan, mohon, to long, harap. 1. Sweep the floor, please = …………………………………………. 2. Drink the tea, please = …………………………………………. 3. Please tidy your clothes = …………………………………………. 4. Move this table, please = …………………………………………. 5. Please be silent = …………………………………………. 6. Don’t shut the door, please = ………………………………………….. 7. Please don’t be cruel = ………………………………………….. 8. Don’t be stupid, please = ………………………………………….. 9. Please don’t be a dancer = ………………………………………….. 10.Don’t be a singer, please = ………………………………………….. ================= PLEASE BE YOURSELF =============== SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE adalah bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu perbuatan, pekerjaan atau kegiatan yang menjadi kebiasaan ataupun dilakukan sehari-hari dan menjadi kebenaran umum. I. Simple Present Tense yang menunjukkan kebiasaan : 1. Amir writes a short story = …………………………………………………… 2. I study by myself = …………………………………………………… 3 .My father reads a newspaper = …………………………………………………… 4. We do not swim in the sea = …………………………………………………… 5. Her brother does not smoke = …………………………………………………… II. Simple Present Tense dengan menggunakan keterangan waktu : Every = setiap / tiap – tiap. 1. I study everyday = …………………………………………………… 2. We go to Bali every year = …………………………………………………… 3. He plays chess every Sunday = …………………………………………………… 4. They watch TV every night = …………………………………………………… 5. She cooks soup every week = …………………………………………………… III.Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum : 1. Sugar is sweet = …………………………………………………… 2. Fire is hot = …………………………………………………… 3. People drink water = …………………………………………………… 4. Cows eat grass = …………………………………………………… 5. The sun rises in the east = …………………………………………………… IV. Simple present tense dengan keterangan waktu : always, often, sometimes, – usually, seldom, ever, dan never. 1. I always do my homework = …………………………………………………… 2. He often comes late = …………………………………………………… 3. Astri sometimes helps me = …………………………………………………… 4. You usually work hard = …………………………………………………… 5. She seldom eats meat = …………………………………………………… 6. We ever go to Mount Kelud = …………………………………………………… 7. They never drink beer = …………………………………………………… V. Simple Present Tense dengan menggunakan kata keterangan : once, twice, three times, dsb. 1. I go to the beach once a week = …………………………………………… 2. We take a bath twice a day = …………………………………………… 3. He sees a film three times a month = …………………………………………… 4. They visit the temple four times a year = ………………………………………….. VI. Simple Present Tense dengan menggunakan Kata Depan ( Preposisi ) : in, at, on, dsb. 1. I do jogging in the morning = …………………………………………… 2. He studies his lessons at night = …………………………………………… 3. She goes shopping on Sunday = …………………………………………… 4. We have long vacation in July = …………………………………………… 5. They take an English course in 2007 = …………………………………………… VII. Pola Kalimat ( Sentence Patterns ) Simple Present Tense : A. Kalimat Positif ( Positive Sentence ) : ( + ). Subject + Verb I / Verb I+s/es + Object / Adverb 1. I like meat balls in this stall = …………………………………………… 2. He spends some money everyday = …………………………………………… 3. She watches bowling in the stadium = …………………………………………… B. Kalimat Negatif ( Negative Sentence ) : ( – ). Subject + Do / Does + Not + Verb I + Object / Adverb 1. I do not like chicken noodles in your stall = ………………………………………… 2. He does not take the salt in the bottle = ………………………………………… 3. She does not watch TV at school = ………………………………………… C. Kalimat Introgatif ( Interrogative Sentence ) : ( ? ). Do / Does + Subyek + Verb I + Object / Adverb 1. Do you like fried chicken ? = …………………………………………… 2..Does he want to take a bath ? = …………………………………………… 3. Do they need much money ? = 

B

Infinitive Phrases

Infinitive phrases merupakan frase yang terdiri dari infinitive dan objek (modifiers) dan mempunyai peran sebagai nomina (noun), adjektiva (adjective), atau adverbia (adverb) dalam kalimat.

Contoh infinitive phrases:
- We intended to leave early.
- To study English well need special time.
- His goal, to break into Fort Knox, was never achieved.


Noun
Infinitive phrases sebagai noun dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek atau objek.

a. Infinitive phrases sebagai subjek
- To change our habits is not easy.

Kalimat di atas juga bisa menggunakan pola It + be menjadi:
- It is not easy to change our habits.

Infinitive phrases sebagai subjek sering digunakan dalam dua variasi pola kalimat pada contoh di atas. Kata “It” digunakan sebagai dummy subject yang berfungsi sebagai subjek bantu dalam pembentukan kalimat. Subjek yang sebenarnya terletak setelahverb. Hal ini bertujuan meningkatkan gaya atau rasa berbahasa dalam sebuah kalimat.
Contoh lainnya:
- To answer this question must be careful.
- To watch the film every night wastes the money.
- To do that is difficult for me.
- To build such a bridge needs much cement.
- To serve you is a pleasure job.
- To see her is to love her.

b. Infinitive phrases sebagai objek
- He likes to play badminton.

Tidak semua verba dapat diikuti oleh infinitive. Untuk menjadi objek verba, infinitive phrases hanya dapat didahului oleh verba tertentu.
Contoh lainnya:
- I want to see you again as soon as possible.
- He seems to enjoy a breakfast.
- I am starting to learn English.
- I asked to see the book.
- They asked me to bring some food.


Adjective
Infinitive phrases sebagai adjektiva memberikan keterangan sifat pada nomina yang mendahuluinya.
Contoh:
- The year to come again I will be successful.
- I have no time to come to the meeting.
- There is no one to help her.
- His decision to continue studying in Yogyakarta is a good idea.
- There is special time to give something and to ask something.


Adverb
Infinitive phrases sebagai adverbia berfungsi:
a. menerangkan seluruh kalimat
b. menerangkan verba
c. menerangkan adjektiva

a. menerangkan seluruh kalimat
- To say English well, you can speak English slowly.
- To come to the school on time, you may be ready now.
- To approach her, you had better prepare yourself well.

b. menerangkan verba
- I come to win.
- We eat to live but animals live to eat.

c. menerangkan adjektiva
- I am happy to meet you.
- We are fortunate to get much money.
- I am proud to win this game.


Sebagai tambahan, bila ingin membuat kalimat negatif, cukup tambahkan not di depanto:
- They advise me not to go alone tonight.
- I am sad not to meet her.